|
Olive is an evergreen tree. Its leaves dark green in upper side, silver
and bright in lower side and break out in opposite; with its shape and color it
resembles to willow leaf. Its single-crowned and small flowers are light green
and appear at the bottom of the leaves as a bunch. The most important olive type
is Olea Europa. Homeland in Anatolia, the tree spread to Greece, Italy, Africa,
Spain and France in time. Olive trees are grown in areas called as olive area
where the lowest temperature in winter is above -8 degree. They are rarely seen
in the areas above 400 m. With 12 - 15 m of height, the tree takes shapes as
pyramid when not pruned. Its wood which is used in veneering is yellow, dark
veined and rigid. Two methods are followed when re-growing the tree: 1. to
produce sapling by planting seed; 2. Cutting. In botany, olive tree is
considered immortal; because when the tree is in depletion period as cultivaton
plant the new bits growing out of bulbs renew the depleted stem. Olive oil tree
has a very long life ( 500, even 1000 years ).
|
Olive is a stone, fleshy fruit; it as generally tallish and in oval shape, its color is blackish green and it has a
bitter taste when fresh. Olive is picked in November. If the olive kernels will
be salted, they are picked in September; they are kept in water with light soda
for a couple of hours and then washed. The water is prepared by adding 80 gr.
salt per liter and filled in barrels with it. The oils to be used in oil
extraction are picked in January when they get black. They are pressed so as not
to break the core and oil is extracted.
Olive fruit fly, olive moth, olive caterpillar and fungus are olive's enemies. Chemical drugs
don't have much use.
A substance used as chlorothiazide in medicine is extracted from olive leaf.
Olive gum is used in fragrance production. |
|
|
Homeland in Mediterranean Region, olive grows is especially Mediterranean, Aaegan,
Marmara Regions and coast lines of Blacksea where the temprature is mild
inTurkiye. Under Turkiye' s climate conditions, olive trees bear fruite after 7
- 8 years old and yield after 35 years. Until 100 - 120 years old yield shows
decrease; generally after 100 years old the tree needs to be renewed and the
olive tree having reached 200 years old is considered dead as cultivation plant.
Turkiye is in the third or fourth rank in olive and olive oil production in the
world. The product obtained changes depending on the climate conditions.
Therefore, if there is ample product that year is called as < available year >,
if the product is less it is called as < absent year >. As the situation is the
same in the worldwide, generally the five years of avarage is taken into account
in the output assessment. |
|